Frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD] deficiency in asymptomatic Pakistani population

To determine the frequency of G6PD deficiency in asymptomatic Pakistan population. Cross sectional study. This was carried out at Pakistan Air Force [PAF] Hospital at PAF Base Masroor Karachi between June 2004 - September 2007. Healthy young males and females between the ages of 13 to 28 years were tested for G6PD deficiency. None of the individuals had the findings of chronic hemolytic anemia. Their test was carried out on Trinity Biotech visual, qualitative, colorimetric procedure for determining G6PD deficiency using dichlorophenol indophenols as an indicator. During the study period 888 individuals, 804 males and 84 females were tested for G6PD deficiency. Forty [4.5%] individual had G6PD deficiency. All were otherwise healthy with normal general physical examination, complete blood count, blood glucose level, liver function tests, renal function tests, lipid profile, urine analysis, electrocardiogram and X- Ray chest .Out of 804 males 40[5.0%] had G6PD deficiency. None of the 84 females had the enzyme deficiency. G6PD deficiency is observed to be 4.5%. Our findings are in conformity with W.H.O data for geographic distribution of G6PD deficiency in Pakistan .It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemia, especially following drug administration

Frequency of complications during hemodialysis in patients of chronic renal failure

To determine the frequency of various complications occurring during hemodialysis in patients of chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance hernodialysis. A descriptive prospective study. The study was conducted at Department of Nephrology, Military hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from 21st July 2005 to 21st Jan 2006 One hundred subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria [Patients suffering from chronic renal failure [CRF] who were on maintenance hemodialysis for at least 03 months] during the above-mentioned period were enrolled in this study with non-probability sampling technique after taking informed consent. One hundred patients of end stage renal disease of maintenance hemodialysis were studied The major causes of renal disease were diabetes mellitus [24.0%] and hypertension [22.0%] The most frequent complication was hypotension seen in 12% of dialectic treatment followed by muscular cramps [10%], chest pain [09%], vomiting [08%] and headache 06% of patients. Other complications like membrane hypersensitivity reactions, pruritis and complications of access route disequilibrium syndrome were uncommon. In the patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis, hypotension was the most frequent complication. So assessment of patient for hernodynamic status and general condition is important to reduce the incidence of complications

Comparison of frequency of heamaturia with rapid and slow decompression of urinary bladder in the management of chronic urinary retention

The objective of this study was to compare frequency of haematuria after slow decompression and rapid decompression of urinary bladder in the management of chronic urinary retention. Quasi experimental study. This study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital Quetta from May 2007 to Nov 2007. Sixty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group A was subjected to intermittent clamping of Foley catheter and group B was subjected to no clamping of Foley catheter. On insertion of Foley catheter sample of urine was taken in a test tube and saved. A second sample was also taken in another test tube after one hour of complete decompression of either group and compared with original sample for occurrence of haematuria. Frequency of haematuria was calculated after both the procedures and recorded. confounding variables were traumatic catheterization and patients who were taking anticoagulants or having bleeding disorders. These were controlled by including only those cases where catheter was passed atraumatically by registrar surgery. The frequency of haematuria was found to be equal in both groups. Rapid decompression of the urinary bladder in cases of chronic urinary retention is a safe and convenient method of decompressing the urinary bladder in patients of chronic urinary retention, without any increase in frequency of haematuria

Role of ultrasound in rotator cuff injury

To determine the role of ultrasound [US] in Rotator cuff pathologies and to correlate the accuracy of Ultrasonography [USG] findings in rotator cuff pathologies with b Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It was a Descriptive study. Study was conducted in Department of Radiology, PNS Shifa Karachi, where Grey Scale as well as Color Doppler USG and Fluoroscopy was available. However the facilities of MRI were utilized from other Radiology departments in Karachi; namely, National Medical Centre [NMC], Advanced Radiology Clinic [ARC] and Agha Khan University Hospital [AKUH] on referral basis. The study involved 50 patients of both sexes between 15-60 years of age who presented with shoulder pain and stiffness, in out-patient departments or admitted in surgical/orthopedic wards. They were referred to the Radiology department PNS Shifa for X-Rays and US shoulder. All of them were followed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Patients were 32 males and 18 females of more than 15 years of age. Rotator cuff tears were suggested on US by finding thinning or absence of cuff, by hyper or hypo echoic areas in cuff and by criteria of the abnormal cuff-bursa interface. Out of 50 patients 35 patients were diagnosed on US, as having rotator cuff tears while 15 patients were reported normal. 21 out of 35 patients were having full thickness tear while 14 had partial thickness tears. When MRI was conducted in these patients, it showed 39 rotator cuff tears out of 50 patients while 11 patient

ere diagnosed as normal. 26 out of 39 patients were having full thickness tears while 13 had partial thickness tears. Ultrasound had high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and accuracy. We conclude that MRI and US are both sensitive in detection of abnormalities of the rotator cuff. In our set up; Ultrasound is an accurate, non invasive and economic mode of investigation for diagnosing rotator cuff pathologies

Accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of severe liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in chronic liver disease

To determine the accuracy of three ultrasonographic [US] signs; liver surface nodularity, caudate lobe hypertrophy and hepatic vein flow pattern on Doppler ultrasound, in detecting severe liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Descriptive study. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, PNS Shifa Karachi. Duration of the study was 6 months -SEPTEMBER 2005 TO MARCH 2006. The study included 50 patients of both sexes [20-60 yrs], presenting with chronic liver disease to department of Ultrasound. TOSHIBA [NEMIO- 20] Doppler Ultrasound Machine with Doppler 3.5 and 5.0MHz probes was used to look for liver surface nodularity, caudate lobe hypertrophy and pattern of hepatic vein flow. After performing US, liver biopsy on these patients was performed under US guidance and sent for histopathology findings; taken as gold standard. On US, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were highest for liver surface nodularity in detecting severe liver fibrosis. However, the above-mentioned values were relatively higher when the three ultrasound signs were collectively considered; compared to single US sign. US determination of liver surface nodularity is a significantly accurate method for identifying severe liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. The accuracy of ultrasound further increases when hepatic vein flow pattern and caudate lobe hypertrophy are also taken into account